Volume 11, Issue 4 (Vol.11 No.4 Jan 2023)                   rbmb.net 2023, 11(4): 720-729 | Back to browse issues page


XML Print


Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:

Ananta A, Dijaya R, Subali D, Kartawidjajaputra F, Antono L. Effect of Processed Soybeans (Tofu and Tempeh) Consumption, and Exercise on Upper Respiratory Tract Immunity. rbmb.net 2023; 11 (4) :720-729
URL: http://rbmb.net/article-1-1078-en.html
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta 12930, Indonesia
Abstract:   (1303 Views)
Background: IgA is widely used as Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (URTI) risk marker, as a lower concentration in sIgA indicates a higher incidence of URTI. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different types of exercise; combined with Tempeh consumption in increasing sIgA concentration in saliva sample.

Methods: 19 sedentary male subjects aged 20-23 were recruited and assigned into 2 groups based on the exercise type, endurance (n=9), and resistance (n=10). These subjects underwent 2 weeks of Tofu and Tempeh consumption, then were assigned to do exercises based on their groups.

Results: This study showed an increased mean value of sIgA concentrations in the endurance group; the baseline value, after food treatment, and after food and exercise treatment were 71.726 ng/mL, 73.266 ng/mL, and 73.921 ng/mL, respectively for Tofu treatment; and 71.726 ng/mL, 73.723 ng/mL, and 75.075 ng/mL, respectively for Tempeh treatment. While in the resistance group, there was also an increase in the mean value of sIgA concentrations; baseline, after food treatment, and after food and exercise treatments were 70.123 ng/mL, 71.801 ng/mL, and 74.430 ng/mL, respectively for Tofu treatment; and 70.123 ng/mL, 72.397 ng/mL, and 77.216 ng/mL, respectively for Tempeh treatment. These results indicated that combining both Tempeh consumption and moderate intensity resistance exercise was more effective to increase sIgA concentration.

Conclusions: This study showed that combining moderate intensity resistance exercise with consumption of 200 gr Tempeh for 2 weeks was more effective in increasing sIgA concentration; compared to endurance exercise and Tofu consumption.
Full-Text [PDF 541 kb]   (1059 Downloads)    
Type of Article: Original Article | Subject: Immunology
Received: 2022/10/24 | Accepted: 2022/12/1 | Published: 2023/04/3

References
1. Kakanis MW, Peake J, Brenu EW, Simmonds M, Gray B, Hooper SL, Marshall-Gradisnik SM. The open window of susceptibility to infection after acute exercise in healthy young male elite athletes. Exerc Immunol Rev. 2010;16:119-137. [DOI:10.1016/j.jsams.2010.10.642] [PMID]
2. Thomas M, Bomar PA. Upper respiratory tract infection. Treasure Island (US): StatsPearl. 2021;1.
3. Tharp GD, Barnes MW. Reduction of saliva immunoglobulin levels by swim training. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1990;60(1):61-4. [DOI:10.1007/BF00572187] [PMID]
4. Subandi ST, Ratih NK, Soka S, Suwanto A. Effect of Tempeh supplementation on the profiles of human intestinal immune system and gut microbiota. Microbiol Indones. 2017;11(1):11-17. [DOI:10.5454/mi.11.1.2]
5. Marcotte H, Lavoie MC. Oral microbial ecology and the role of salivary immunoglobulin A. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 1998;62(1):71-109. [DOI:10.1128/MMBR.62.1.71-109.1998] [PMID] [PMCID]
6. Tiernan C, Lyons M, Comyns T, Nevill AM, Warrington G. Salivary IgA as a predictor of upper respiratory tract infections and relationship to training load in elite rugby :union: players. J Strength Cond Res. 2020; 34(3):782-790. [DOI:10.1519/JSC.0000000000003019] [PMID]
7. Akbari-Fakhrabadi M, Najafi M, Mortazavian S, Memari AS, Shidfar F, Shahbazi A, Heshmati J. Saffron (Crocus Sativus L.), combined with endurance exercise, synergistically enhances BDNF, serotonin, and NT-3 in Wistar Rats. Rep Biochem Mol Biol. 2021;9(4):426-434. [DOI:10.52547/rbmb.9.4.426] [PMID] [PMCID]
8. Trochimiak T, Hübner-Woźniak E. Effect of exercise on the level of immunoglobulin a in saliva. Biol Sport. 2012; 29(4):255-61. [DOI:10.5604/20831862.1019662] [PMID] [PMCID]
9. Bishop NC, Gleeson M. Acute and chronic effects of exercise on markers of mucosal immunity. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2009;14(12):4444-56. [DOI:10.2741/3540] [PMID]
10. Klentrou P, Cieslak T, MacNeil M, Vintinner A, Plyley M. Effect of moderate exercise on salivary immunoglobulin A and infection risk in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2002;87(2):153-8. [DOI:10.1007/s00421-002-0609-1] [PMID]
11. McGuire M, Beerman KA. Nutritional science from fundamentals to food. 3rd edition. Wadsworth (US): Wadsworth CENGAGE Learning. 2013:385-407.
12. LeSuer DA, McCormick JH, Mayhew JL, Wasserstein RL, Arnold MD. The accuracy of prediction equations for estimating 1-RM performance in the bench press, squat, and deadlift. J of Strength Cond Res. 1997;11(4): 211-213. https://doi.org/10.1519/1533-4287(1997)011<0211:TAOPEF>2.3.CO;2 https://doi.org/10.1519/00124278-199711000-00001 [DOI:10.1519/1533-4287(1997)0112.3.CO;2]
13. McDowell SL, Chaloa K, Housh TJ, Tharp GD, Johnson GO. The effect of exercise intensity and duration on salivary immunoglobulin A. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1991;63(2):108-11. [DOI:10.1007/BF00235178] [PMID]
14. Neves Sda C Jr, Lima RM, Simões HG, Marques MC, Reis VM, de Oliveira RJ. Resistance exercise sessions do not provoke acute immunosuppression in older women. J Strength Cond Res. 2009;23(1):259-65. [DOI:10.1519/JSC.0b013e31818767b9] [PMID]
15. Miletic ID, Schiffman SS, Miletic VD, Sattely-Miller EA. Salivary IgA secretion rate in young and elderly persons. Physiol Behav. 1996; 60(1):243-8. [DOI:10.1016/0031-9384(95)02161-2] [PMID]
16. Ahnan-Winarno AD, Cordeiro LS, Winarno FG, Gibbons JG, Xiao H. Tempeh: A semicentennial review on its health benefits, fermentation, safety, processing, sustainability, and affordability. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2021;20(2):1717-1767. [DOI:10.1111/1541-4337.12710] [PMID]
17. Sun P, Li D, Dong B, Qiao S, Ma X. Effects of soybean glycinin on performance and immune function in early weaned pigs. Arch Anim Nutr. 2008;62(4):313-21. [DOI:10.1080/17450390802066419] [PMID]
18. McKune A, Starzak D, Semple S. Repeated bouts of eccentrically biased endurance exercise stimulate salivary IgA secretion rate. Biol Sport. 2015;32(1):21-5. [DOI:10.5604/20831862.1126324] [PMID] [PMCID]
19. Yan H, Jin JQ, Yang P, Yu B, He J, Mao XB, et al. Fermented soybean meal increases nutrient digestibility via the improvement of intestinal function, anti-oxidative capacity and immune function of weaned pigs. J Animal. Animal. 2022;16(6):100557. [DOI:10.1016/j.animal.2022.100557] [PMID]
20. Barus T, Suwanto A, Wahyudi AT, Wijaya H. Role of bacteria in tempe bitter Taste formation: Microbiological and Molecular Biological Analysis Based on 16S rRNA Gene. Microbiol Indones. 2010;2(1):17-21. [DOI:10.5454/mi.2.1.4]
21. Taverniti V, Guglielmetti S. The immunomodulatory properties of probiotic microorganisms beyond their viability (ghost probiotics: proposal of paraprobiotic concept). Genes Nutr. 2011;6(3):261-74. [DOI:10.1007/s12263-011-0218-x] [PMID] [PMCID]
22. Soka S, Suwanto A, Rusmana I, Sajuthi D, Iskandriati D, Jessica K. Analysis of intestinal mucosal immunoglobulin A in Sprague Dawley rats supplemented with Tempeh. HAYATI J of Biosci. 2015;22(1): 48-52. [DOI:10.4308/hjb.22.1.48]
23. Moradi-Kalbolandi S, Majidzadeh-A K, Abdolvahab MH, Jalili N, Farahmand L. The Role of Mucosal Immunity and Recombinant Probiotics in SARS-CoV2 Vaccine Development. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 2021;13(5):1239-1253. [DOI:10.1007/s12602-021-09773-9] [PMID] [PMCID]
24. Stone MH, Stone M, Sands WA. Principles and practices of resistance training. New York (US): Human Kinetics; 2007. [DOI:10.5040/9781492596875]
25. Maffetone P. The big book of endurance training and racing. New York (US): Skyhorse Publishing; 2010.
26. Kushkestani M, Parvani M, Teixeira AM. Physical activity is a preventive factor against SARS-CoV-2 in healthy subjects (possible cellular and molecular mechanisms). Biomed J Sci Tech Res. 2020; 29(3): 22429-36. [DOI:10.26717/BJSTR.2020.29.004799]
27. Goh J, Lim CL, Suzuki K. Effects of Endurance-, Strength and Concurrent Training on Cytokines and Inflammation. In: Concurrent aerobic and strength training. Concurrent Aerobic and Strength Training. 2009; Springer:125-138. [DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-75547-2_9] [PMCID]

Add your comments about this article : Your username or Email:
CAPTCHA

Send email to the article author


Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

© 2015 All Rights Reserved | Reports of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Designed & Developed by : Yektaweb