@article{ author = {FahadAlharbi, Bandar and Al-Fahad, Dhurgham and RichardDash, Philip}, title = {Roles of Endocytic Processes and Early Endosomes on Focal Adhesion Dynamics in MDA-MB-231 Cells}, abstract ={Background: Focal adhesion (FA) play a critical role in many biological processes which include cell survival and cell migration. They serve as a cellular anchor, allowing cells to stay attached to the extracellular matrix (ECM), and can also regulate cellular transduction. Previously, it has been suggested that vesicles such as endosomes could interact directly with FA or be implicated in their turnover. In this study, we investigated whether there is a relationship between FA and the early endocytic machinery in MDA-MB-231 cells. Methods: In this study, cell culture, transfection, time lapse confocal microscopies, immunocytochemistry, western blotting, cell fractionation, and immunoprecipitation techniques were performed. Results: Cells acutely treated with Dynasore, an inhibitor of dynamin, or with Pitstop 2, an inhibitor of clathryn-dependent endocytosis showed a reduction in the expression of early endosome biomarkers such as Rab5 and EEA1. Additionally, cells treated with these endocytic inhibitors exhibited an increased number and size of FA, as well as an increased FA turnover duration. This data was consistent with the reduction of the speed of cell migration. We demonstrated that Rab5- and EEA1-positive early endosomes were found to be colocalized with internalized FA. Conclusions: The present study suggests that there is a link between FA and early endosome markers, which indicates that the early endosomes may be involved in FA dynamics.                                  }, Keywords = {Cell migration, Early endosome, Endocytosis, focal Adhesion.}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {145-155}, publisher = {Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.52547/rbmb.10.2.145}, url = {http://rbmb.net/article-1-690-en.html}, eprint = {http://rbmb.net/article-1-690-en.pdf}, journal = {Reports of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology}, issn = {2322-3480}, eissn = {2322-3480}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Hamza, Thulfeqar and Hadwan, Mahmoud Hussei}, title = {Accurate and Precise Protocol to Estimate the Activity of Peroxiredoxin Enzyme}, abstract ={Background: Accurate estimation of Peroxiredoxin Enzyme (Prx) activity poses many complications and interferences. The present protocol is free of interference and provides an effective alternative for the assessment of peroxide with high sensitivity. The assay can be used in clinical pathology laboratories since it is simple, rapid, and inexpensive. The systematic reagent consisted of AFS/ASA which acted as a sensitive probe for peroxide. Methods: Prx activity was estimated by incubating samples in suitable concentrations of 1,4-dithio-DL-threitol (DTT) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or t-Butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH), as the substrates. The enzymatic reaction was inhibited after incubation with a working reagent containing ammonium ferrous sulfate (AFS) and aminosalicylic acid (ASA). Results: Residual peroxide reacted with the working solution to form a brown-colored ferriaminosalicylate (FAS) complex with a maximum absorbance (λmax) of 425 nm. This protocol used sodium azide (NaN3) to eliminate catalase interference and avoided using high concentrations of a strong acid to inhibit the Prx reaction. Conclusions: We concluded that the new protocol produced the same efficacy as the reference method since a strong correlation coefficient of comparison (r> 0.99) was found between both the FAS and ferrithiocyanate method.}, Keywords = {Amino Salicylic Acid, Ammonium Ferrous Sulfate, Dithiothreitol, Peroxiredoxin, T-Butyl Hydroperoxide.}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {156-163}, publisher = {Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.52547/rbmb.10.2.156}, url = {http://rbmb.net/article-1-584-en.html}, eprint = {http://rbmb.net/article-1-584-en.pdf}, journal = {Reports of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology}, issn = {2322-3480}, eissn = {2322-3480}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Altuhafi, Abdulateef and Altun, Muhammed and Hadwan, Mahmoud Hussei}, title = {The Correlation between Selenium Dependent Glutathione Peroxidase Activity and Oxidant/Antioxidant Balance in Sera of Diabetic Patients with Nephropathy}, abstract ={Background: Oxidative stress is an imbalance between free radical's production and the body's ability to counteract or detoxify their harmful effects through neutralization by antioxidants, oxidative stress is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. One of the key enzymatic antioxidants is glutathione peroxidase (GPx), which plays an important protective function in diabetes complications, by reducing the rising state of oxidative stress and removing toxicity from peroxides and converting them into a non-toxic substance. The objective of this research was to evaluate the rule of glutathione peroxidase in regulate oxidants/antioxidants levels diabetic patients with nephropathy. Methods: In a case-control study, we assessed serum GPx activity (Se-Dependent, non-selenium dependent and total GPx), total oxidant, lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant, and catalase in healthy control subjects (group 1), in diabetic patients without diabetic nephropathy (group 2) and diabetic patients with nephropathy (group 3). Results: GPx activity was significantly lower in T2D patients with and without nephropathy compared to healthy subject’s control. Total oxidants and lipids peroxidation have a negative correlation with the GPx and other antioxidants. Conclusions: Decreased GPx activity indicate a relationship between GPx activity and diabetic nephropathy.}, Keywords = {Diabetic Nephropathy, Glutathione Peroxidase, Oxidative Stress, Reactive Oxygen Species, Selenium.}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {164-172}, publisher = {Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.52547/rbmb.10.2.164}, url = {http://rbmb.net/article-1-606-en.html}, eprint = {http://rbmb.net/article-1-606-en.pdf}, journal = {Reports of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology}, issn = {2322-3480}, eissn = {2322-3480}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Zolfaghari, Bahareh and Ghanbari, Mahboobeh and Musavi, Hadis and BavandpourBaghshahi, Parizad and Taghikhani, Mohammad and Pourfallah, Fatemeh}, title = {Investigation of Zinc Supplement Impact on the Serum Biochemical Parameters in Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Double Blinded Placebo Control Trial}, abstract ={Background: Zinc (Zn) is nutritionally essential trace element, and thus deficiency may severely affect human health. The results of cross-sectional studies indicate that micronutrient deficiencies are common in patients with tuberculosis. Our goal is to investigate whether Zn supplementation can increase the effects of anti-TB treatment or not. Methods: Patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis were divided in to 2 groups. One group (n= 37) received capsule contains 50 mg of elemental zinc (as zinc sulfate) for 6 months every other day (micronutrient group) and Group II (n= 37) received placebo. Both groups received the same anti-tuberculosis treatment recommended by the WHO. Clinical examination, BMI, chest X-ray, direct sputum examination, assessment of serum zinc levels (by atomic absorption spectrophotometry), and biochemical markers serum concentration (by using an RA1000 AutoAnalyzer) were carried out before and after 2- and 6-months anti-tuberculosis treatment. Results: Plasma zinc concentrations in the micronutrient group was higher than placebo group After treatment. In the placebo group increasing in SGOT and SGPT concentrations were significantly higher than micronutrient group after 2 months of treatment (p< 0.05). The significant changes (p< 0.05) were observed on the serum levels of total protein, albumin. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels, serum creatinine, uric acid and urea in groups were not significantly different. Conclusions: Zinc supplementation results in earlier sputum smear conversion in the micronutrient group during the first 6 weeks. Increased body weight and serum zinc and serum albumin and decrease in total protein was observed in the micronutrient group.}, Keywords = {Anti-tuberculosis treatment, Pulmonary tuberculosis, Zinc.}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {173-182}, publisher = {Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.52547/rbmb.10.2.173}, url = {http://rbmb.net/article-1-544-en.html}, eprint = {http://rbmb.net/article-1-544-en.pdf}, journal = {Reports of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology}, issn = {2322-3480}, eissn = {2322-3480}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Mohammadi, Asma and BalizadehKarami, Ali Reza and DehghanMashtani, Vahid and Sahraei, Tooba and BandaniTarashoki, Zeinab and Khattavian, Ehsan and Mobarak, Sara and MoradiKazerouni, Hossein and Radmanesh, Esmat}, title = {Evaluation of Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and Expression of MicroRNA-208a and MicroRNA-1 in Cardiovascular Patients}, abstract ={Background: MicroRNA expression signature and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production have been associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This study aimed to evaluate oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and the expression of miRNA-208a and miRNA-1 in cardiovascular patients. Methods: The study population included four types of patients (acute coronary syndromes (ACS), myocardial infarction (MI), arrhythmia, and heart failure (HF)), with 10 people in each group, as well as a control group. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to measure mir-208 and miR-1 expression, the mRNAs of inflammatory mediators (TNFα, iNOS/eNOS), and apoptotic factors (Bax and Bcl2). XOX, MDA, and antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, and GPx) were measured by ZellBio GmbH kits by an ELISA Reader. Results: The results showed significant decreases in the activity of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, and Gpx) and a significant increase in the activity of the MDA and XOX in cardiovascular patients. Significant increases in IL-10, iNos, iNOS / eNOS, and TNF-α in cardiovascular patients were also observed. Also, a significant increase in the expression of miR-208 (HF> arrhythmia> ACS> MI) and a significant decrease in the expression of miR-1 (ACS> arrhythmia> HF> MI) were found in all four groups in cardiovascular patients. Conclusions: The results showed increases in oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptotic factors, and in the expression of miR-208a in a variety of cardiovascular patients (ACS, MI, arrhythmia, and HF). It is suggested that future studies determine the relationships that miR-1, miR-208, and oxidative stress indices have with inflammation and apoptosis.}, Keywords = {Apoptosis, Cardiovascular diseases, Inflammation, microRNA-208a, microRNA-1, Oxidative stress.}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {183-196}, publisher = {Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.52547/rbmb.10.2.183}, url = {http://rbmb.net/article-1-645-en.html}, eprint = {http://rbmb.net/article-1-645-en.pdf}, journal = {Reports of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology}, issn = {2322-3480}, eissn = {2322-3480}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {FawziAref, Hind and AhmedNaji, Nazar and DhafirIbrahim, Hadaf}, title = {Evaluation of Serum Cyclooxygenase, Hepcidin Levels in Acute Renal Injury (AKI) Patients Following Cardiac Catheterization}, abstract ={Background: Acute kidney damage is a severe condition common in patients who have undergone heart surgery (catheterization) and secondary injury is also referred to as being synonymous with surgery. The goal of this research is to determine the rate of cyclooxygenase and hepcidin levels in patients with acute renal injury (AKI) following cardiac catheterization. Methods: The study is performed on (81) patients (64 males and 17 females) aged 40-75 years. Data from most patients are reported in the form of age, gender, and smoking background questionnaire. Results: The results indicate a significant increase in serum levels of cyclooxygenase and hepcidin levels in patients with severe renal insufficiency after cardiac catheterization by (79%) males versus (21%) females. Conclusions: In this study, improved risk prediction could enhance patient monitoring and treatment after surgery, direct patient treatment and decision making, and enhance participation in AKI interventional trials.}, Keywords = {AKI, Cardiac surgery, Chronic kidney disease, Cyclooxygenase, Hepcidin.}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {197-203}, publisher = {Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.52547/rbmb.10.2.197}, url = {http://rbmb.net/article-1-636-en.html}, eprint = {http://rbmb.net/article-1-636-en.pdf}, journal = {Reports of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology}, issn = {2322-3480}, eissn = {2322-3480}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Roshandel, Elham and Parkhideh, Sayeh and GhaffariNazari, Haniyeh and Mehdizadeh, Mahshid and Bonakchi, Hossein and Sankanian, Ghazaleh and Hajifathali, Abbas}, title = {Pre-and Post-Transplant Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase Levels as a Predictive Marker for Patient Survival and Engraftment in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients}, abstract ={Background: The discovery of biomarkers to predict the development of complications associated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) offers a potential avenue for the early identification and treatment of these life-threatening consequences. Serum lactate dehydrogenase (sLDH) has been identified as a potential biomarker for determining the outcome of allogenic HSCT (allo-HSCT). Methods: A retrospective study was performed using data collected from 204 allo-HSCT recipient patients to examine the predictive value of sLDH levels pre- and post-allo-HSCT on patient survival, graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) incidence, and time to platelet/white blood cells (WBC) engraftment. Results: Our findings show that neither pre- (p= 0.61) nor post-transplantation (p= 0.55) sLDH levels were associated with GVHD incidence. However, elevated sLDH levels pre- and post-transplantation (≥ 386 and ≥ 409 IU/mL, respectively) were found to be adverse risk factors for patient survival (p= 0.16, p= 0.20, respectively). Furthermore, a median sLDH level≥ 400 IU/mL from day +5 to day +15 post-transplantation had a significant positive association with enhanced time to platelet and white blood cell (WBC) engraftment, compared to patients with sLDH levels < 400 IU/mL (p< 0.001). Conclusions: Our data suggests that high sLDH levels pre- and post-allo-HSCT could be considered a predictor of poor patient survival. Furthermore, high levels of sLDH days 5-15 post-allo-HSCT could be associated with improved time to platelet and WBC engraftment; however, this appears to come at the cost of increased mortality risk.}, Keywords = {Engraftment, Graft versus host disease, Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, Lactate dehydrogenase.}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {204-215}, publisher = {Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.52547/rbmb.10.2.204}, url = {http://rbmb.net/article-1-640-en.html}, eprint = {http://rbmb.net/article-1-640-en.pdf}, journal = {Reports of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology}, issn = {2322-3480}, eissn = {2322-3480}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Asadzadeh, Reza and Ahmadpoor, Pedram and Nafar, Mohsen and Samavat, Shima and Nikoueinejad, Hassan and Hosseinzadeh, Morteza and Mamizadeh, Nahid and Hatami, Saeideh and Masoumi, Elham and Amirzargar, Aliakbar}, title = {Association of IL-15 and IP-10 Serum Levels with Cytomegalovirus Infection, CMV Viral Load and Cyclosporine Level after Kidney Transplantation}, abstract ={Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the most common complications following kidney transplantation. Natural killer (NK) cells demonstrated critical anti-viral role in controlling and elimination of CMV after transplantation. Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a pleiotropic cytokine that promotes the activity of NK cells and strengthens the acquired immune system. Also, IP10 (CXCL10) is a chemotactic factor which regulates NK cell recruitment and antiviral immune response. We aimed to determine the correlation between the serum levels of IL-15 and IP-10 cytokines with CMV infection, CMV viral load, and cyclosporine as a major immunosuppressive treatment after transplantation. Methods: Fifty-eight kidney transplant recipient patients without evidence of CMV virus disease before transplantation surgery were included in the study. From the day of transplant surgery, the patients were evaluated based on the presence of CMV Ag pp65, CMV viral load, serum levels of IL-15 & IP-10, Cyclosporine levels (C0 & C2), Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR), and hematological & biochemical Index, up to 75 days. Results: Comparison analysis of serum levels of IL-15 and IP-10 showed no significant association with CMV infection in kidney transplant recipients. In addition, CMV viral load and cyclosporine levels at C0 and C2 did not affect patients' IL-15 and IP-10 levels. Conclusions: The levels of IP-10 and IL-15 cytokines are not affected with CMV infection, even if a viral infection occurs in the early days after transplantation or long afterwards. In addition, taking the different levels of cyclosporine did not affect the cytokines levels. Other mechanisms may play a role in maintaining the levels of these cytokines.}, Keywords = {Cytokine, Cytomegalovirus, IP-10, Interleukin-15, Transplantation.}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {216-223}, publisher = {Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.52547/rbmb.10.2.216}, url = {http://rbmb.net/article-1-633-en.html}, eprint = {http://rbmb.net/article-1-633-en.pdf}, journal = {Reports of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology}, issn = {2322-3480}, eissn = {2322-3480}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Pezeshki, Shaghayegh and Hashemi, Payam and Salimi, Alireza and Ebrahimi, Sheida and Javanzad, Mandana and Monfaredan, Amir}, title = {Evaluation of NUF2 and GMNN Expression in Prostate Cancer: Potential Biomarkers for Prostate Cancer Screening}, abstract ={Background: Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most abundant cancers among men, and In Iran, has been responsible for 6% of all deaths from cancer in men. NUF2 and GMNN genes are considered as loci of susceptibility to tumorigenesis in humans. Alterations in expression of these genes have been reported in various malignancies. The aim of our study was to test whether different NUF2 and GMNN expression levels are associated with PC incidence and hence, might be considered as new molecular tools for PC screening. Methods: Biopsy samples from 40 PC patients and 41 healthy Iranian men were used to determine the relative gene expression. After RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, samples were analyzed using TaqMan Quantitative Real time PCR. Patients’ background information, included smoking habits and family histories of PC, were recorded. Stages and grades of their PC were classified by the TNM tumor, node, metastasis (TMN) staging system based on standard guidelines. Results: NUF2 expression did not significantly differ between the groups, while GMNN expression was significantly greater in the PC specimens than in the controls. Conclusions: Regarding the significant role of GMNN in various tumor phenotypes, and its importance in PC progression, the alteration in GMNN expression in PC samples vs. controls indicate that the genetic profiling of this cancer might be considered to personalize therapy for each patient in the future.}, Keywords = {Family history, Geminin (GMNN), Tumor staging, NUF2, Prostate cancer.}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {224-232}, publisher = {Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.52547/rbmb.10.2.224}, url = {http://rbmb.net/article-1-580-en.html}, eprint = {http://rbmb.net/article-1-580-en.pdf}, journal = {Reports of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology}, issn = {2322-3480}, eissn = {2322-3480}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Lashgarian, Hamed Esmaeil and Valibeik, Ali and Marzban, Abdolrazagh and Karkhane, Maryam and Shahzamani, Ki}, title = {The Relationship Between HCV-NS5A Gene Mutations and Resistance to Combination Therapy in Patients with HCV- Genotype 1-B}, abstract ={Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the major causes of chronic liver disease, as it holds a significant role in developing liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Combination therapy with Pegaferon and Ribavirin leads to viral clearance of only 50% of patients. During the host antiviral response, protein kinase R (PKR) interacts with eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α), that leads to the inhibition of viral protein synthesis. The viral NS5A protein appears to interfere with this antiviral action, evading the host immune response. However, mutations in the NS5A gene have been observed to render HCV more susceptible to treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the mutations present in the IFN Sensitivity Determining Region (ISDR) and NS5A-PKRbinding domain regions in chronic HCV infected patients before and after therapy. Methods: Viral RNA was isolated from the plasma of 52 chronic HCV infected patients before and after treatment. RT-Nested PCR reaction was used to reverse transcription and amplification of target fragment using the specific primers. Results: Sequence analysis revealed no relationship between NS5A mutations and response to treatment. No significant difference was found between the mutations before and 3 months after treatment among responders and non-responders. Conclusions: This study showed that the number of mutations in NS5A did not significantly differ between the patients who responded to treatment and the patients that did not. Therefore, sequencing of these regions does not appear to be a suitable tool for predicting treatment outcomes.}, Keywords = {Genotype b1, Hepatitis C virus, Mutation, Non-structural protein (NS5A), Response to combination therapy}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {233-242}, publisher = {Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.52547/rbmb.10.2.233}, url = {http://rbmb.net/article-1-555-en.html}, eprint = {http://rbmb.net/article-1-555-en.pdf}, journal = {Reports of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology}, issn = {2322-3480}, eissn = {2322-3480}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Noohi, Mona and Hakemi-vala, Mojdeh and Nowroozi, Jamileh and Fatemi, Seyed-Reza and Dezfulian, Mehrouz}, title = {Prediction of Blood miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network in Gastric Cancer}, abstract ={Background: The aim of the study was to suggest a high specific and sensitive blood biomarker for early GC diagnosis. Methods: the expression data of miRNAs and mRNAs were collected from the blood samples of the GC patients based on literature mining. Bioinformatics tools and databases (PANTHER, TargetScan, miRTarBase, miRDB, STRING, and Cytoscape) were used to predict the regulatory relationship. Subsequently, expression level of the selected miRNA was evaluated in the blood samples of gastritis patients to recognize the common miRNA between the GC and gastritis patients. Results: Analysis of 40 target genes by MCODE (installed in Cytoscape software) indicated 4 hub genes (WWP1, SKP2, KLHL42, and FBXO11) as a significant cluster in the PPI network related to miR-21, with Node Score Cutoff: 0.2, Degree Cutoff: 2 and K-Core: 2. In addition, the miRNA RT-qPCR results showed that, the expression level of miR-21 was significantly higher in gastritis group compared to the healthy group (p< 0.05). Conclusions: the present study clearly demonstrated the increasing level of blood miR-21 among the gastritis patients infected by H. pylori. Therefore, the altered miRNAs, especially overexpression of onco-miRs, may identify a potential link between miRNAs and pathogenesis of the H. pylori–related complications.}, Keywords = {Blood Profiling, Gastric Cancer, H. pylori, Mir-21, Regulatory Network.}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {243-256}, publisher = {Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.52547/rbmb.10.2.243}, url = {http://rbmb.net/article-1-598-en.html}, eprint = {http://rbmb.net/article-1-598-en.pdf}, journal = {Reports of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology}, issn = {2322-3480}, eissn = {2322-3480}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Fereidouni, Mohammad and Mahdavi, Roya and Mahmoudzade, Sarah and Rezapoor, Hadis and Fereidouni, Alireza and Bahrami, Afsane}, title = {Evaluation of The Safety and Efficacy of Newly Developed Domestic Allergenic Extracts for Skin Prick Testing}, abstract ={Background: Allergic disorders are common health problems worldwide with significant socio-economic impacts. The best diagnostic method using allergenic extract is the skin prick test. Regarding the effects of geo-climatic factors and allergenic extract source material quality, the aim of study was to determine the safety and efficacy of some in-house-developed allergenic extracts. Methods: Forty-five different allergenic extracts, including common regional pollen, foods, and dog and cat hair, as well as positive and negative extracts, were prepared from domestic sources using optimum extraction methods. All extracts passed stability and sterility testing, and sterile final products containing 50% glycerin in 10 and 20 w/v concentrations were used. Skin prick testing was performed on volunteers and immediate or late side effects were recorded. Results: In total, 56 students (mean age: 21.2±2.3y, M/F ratio: 1.07) participated in this study. For inhalant allergens, all extracts except dog hair extract caused positive responses. Salsola kali (Russian thistle) and Fraxinus velutina (ash tree) were the most common grass and tree pollen extracts, respectively. Of 18 different food extracts, five, including egg white, tomato, fig, melon, and green pepper caused skin reactivity in only one person. No participant reported any immediate or late side effects, including large local reaction or systemic response. Conclusions: The result of the current study confirmed the safety of all our in-house-developed allergenic extracts. Regarding efficacy, almost all inhalant and five food allergens caused positive skin responses.}, Keywords = {Allergenic extract, In-house extract, Skin prick test.}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {257-265}, publisher = {Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.52547/rbmb.10.2.257}, url = {http://rbmb.net/article-1-609-en.html}, eprint = {http://rbmb.net/article-1-609-en.pdf}, journal = {Reports of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology}, issn = {2322-3480}, eissn = {2322-3480}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {YousefSelim, Nermien and FaragMannaa, Hazem and AtefSharaki, Ola and Zaytoun, Tayseer and Elkholy, Noha and Arafat, Walee}, title = {Highlighting Levels of Indoxyl Sulphate among Critically Ill Patients with Acute Nephrotoxicity; Correlations Between Indoxyl Sulphate Levels and Patients’ Characteristics}, abstract ={Background: Many animal studies suggested that the uremic toxin indoxyl sulphate can add to renal damage following induced nephrotoxicity and this effect has not been proved in patients with such complication. Methods: This is a prospective, case-control, and an observational study conducted on 74 critically ill patients with acute nephrotoxicity. It was designed to measure serum levels of indoxyl sulphate on the day of enrollment and over the course of their illness using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-UV) and to test the correlation between these levels and patient’s demographics, clinical characteristics, physiological variables, and their outcomes. Results: Critically ill patients with acute nephrotoxicity had significantly higher total (tIS) and free (fIS) indoxyl sulphate than healthy controls and significantly lower than patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Although, no correlation was found between tIS or fIS and mortality, among survivors, tIS, fIS, creatinine and eGFR were independently associated with no renal recovery. Conclusions: Serum indoxyl sulphate levels were elevated in critically ill patients with acute nephrotoxicity. There is an association between high levels of indoxyl sulphate and no renal-recovery outcome among survivors of acute nephrotoxicity. Early removal of indoxyl sulphate from patients’ blood may improve their outcomes.}, Keywords = {HPLC, Indoxyl sulphate, Mortality, Prognosis, Toxic acute kidney injury.}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {266-279}, publisher = {Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.52547/rbmb.10.2.266}, url = {http://rbmb.net/article-1-641-en.html}, eprint = {http://rbmb.net/article-1-641-en.pdf}, journal = {Reports of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology}, issn = {2322-3480}, eissn = {2322-3480}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Eshaghkhani, Yeganeh and Mohamadifar, Arezoo and Asadollahi, Mostafa and Taghizadeh, Mahdieh and Karamzade, Arezou and Saberi, Mohammad and Nourmohammadi, Parisa and Golchehre, Zahra and Amin, Ahmad and Keramatipour, Mohamm}, title = {Whole-Exome Sequencing Identified a Novel Variant (C.405_422+39del) in DSP Gene in an Iranian Pedigree with Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy}, abstract ={Background: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a progressive heart condition characterized by left ventricular chamber enlargement associated with systolic heart failure and prolonged action potential duration. Genetic variations in genes that encode cytoskeleton, sarcomere, and nuclear envelope proteins are responsible for 45% of cases. In our study, we focused on a pedigree with familial DCM to decipher the potential genetic cause(s) in affected members developing arrhythmia, end-stage heart failure, and sudden death. Methods: Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was exploited for a 27-year-old heart-transplanted female as the proband, and the derived data were filtered using the standard pipelines. Results: A 57-nucleotide deletion (c.405_422+39del) in the desmoplakin gene (DSP) (NM_004415.4) was identified as a novel pathogenic variant. Familial segregation analysis indicated that this variant is present in clinically affected members and absent in unaffected members. Conclusions: It seems that the detected variant induces intron retention, resulting in a premature stop codon in intron 3 of DSP leading to production of a truncated, nonfunctional protein. Additionally, it can trigger a nonsense-mediated mRNA decay pathway associated with inhibition of protein production. The present study results illustrated that a novel deletion in DSP can cause DCM in an Iranian family.}, Keywords = {Desmoplakin, Dilated cardiomyopathy, Pathogenic variant, Whole exome sequencing.}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {280-287}, publisher = {Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.52547/rbmb.10.2.280}, url = {http://rbmb.net/article-1-648-en.html}, eprint = {http://rbmb.net/article-1-648-en.pdf}, journal = {Reports of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology}, issn = {2322-3480}, eissn = {2322-3480}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Bahrami, Maryam and Ghazavi, Ali and Ganji, Ali and Mosayebi, Ghasem}, title = {Anti-Inflammatory Activity of S. Marianum and N. Sativa Extracts on Macrophages}, abstract ={Background: Nigella sativa (N. sativa) and Silybum marianum (S. marianum) are used to regulate macrophage polarization in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 cells and thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal inflammation. Methods: Cytotoxicity assays and acute toxicity tests were performed to investigate the safe dose and toxicity of the prepared extracts. Also, nitric oxide production was determined by Griess assay on RAW264.7 and peritoneal macrophage supernatants. After RNA extraction from macrophages, real-time PCR was performed to measure the relative gene expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, and IL-10. Finally, regulatory T cells (Treg cells) were counted by flow cytometry. Results: S. marianum methanolic extract (SME), N. sativa ethanolic extract (NEE), and their mixture (SME+NEE) decreased NO levels significantly in RAW264.7 and peritoneal murine macrophages. N. sativa ethanolic extract significantly increased IL-10 gene expression and significantly decreased IL-6 and TNF-α expression in RAW264.7 cells. In mixture-treated peritoneal macrophages, IL-10 and TGF-β expression were significantly increased, while IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly decreased. Also, the percentage of Treg cells was significantly greater in the mixture-treated cells than in controls. Conclusions: These results suggest that an SME and NEE mixture has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities and may be useful in the treatment of diseases of immunopathologic origin characterized by macrophage hyperactivation.}, Keywords = {Cytokine, Inflammation, Nigella sativa, Nitric oxide, Silybum marianum.}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {288-301}, publisher = {Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.52547/rbmb.10.2.288}, url = {http://rbmb.net/article-1-661-en.html}, eprint = {http://rbmb.net/article-1-661-en.pdf}, journal = {Reports of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology}, issn = {2322-3480}, eissn = {2322-3480}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Goudhaman, Lakshmi and Jagadeesan, Anusha Raja and Sundaramoorthi, Saranya and Thotla, Spandana and Mohan, Surapaneni Krish}, title = {Association of Serum Asymmetric Dimethylarginine with the Severity of Coronary Artery Disease: A Pilot Study}, abstract ={Background: Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), has been implicated in endothelial dysfunction and atherogenesis. Though there is much evidence linking ADMA with atherosclerosis and adverse cardiovascular events, only a few studies have established the independent relationship between elevated ADMA and the angiographic extent of coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of the study was to analyze serum ADMA levels in patients with varied extent and severity of coronary atherosclerosis and to see whether the levels of ADMA in male and female participants vary significantly. Methods: We analyzed 40 individuals with obstructive CAD, including men and women, between the ages of 30 and 60. According to their coronary angiographic reports, the participants were divided into four groups: minor CAD, single vessel disease (SVD), double vessel disease (DVD) group and triple vessel disease (TVD). Then, serum ADMA levels was measured and compared among these groups. Results: ADMA level was significantly higher in patients with TVD (167.74±16.69) than those in the DVD (159.46±10.40), SVD (149.54±16.39) and minor CAD (144.5± 24.16) group (p-value= 0.0001). There was no significant difference in ADMA levels between male and female participants (p= 0.534). Conclusions: ADMA concentration in the serum may be useful in identifying whether CAD correlates significantly to the extent and severity of coronary atherosclerosis.}, Keywords = {ADMA, CAD, Endothelial dysfunction, NOS, Atherosclerosis.}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {302-306}, publisher = {Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.52547/rbmb.10.2.302}, url = {http://rbmb.net/article-1-654-en.html}, eprint = {http://rbmb.net/article-1-654-en.pdf}, journal = {Reports of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology}, issn = {2322-3480}, eissn = {2322-3480}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {AqeelRashid, Farah and Mahdi, Sarah and Abd-alkaderMahdy, Shaymaa and ThamerSalim, Ahme}, title = {Effect of Obesity on Plasma Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in Breast Cancer}, abstract ={Background: Breast cancer is most common cancer in women. Obesity is one of related-risk factor in breast cancer. In obese normal subjects, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) has been studied. However, there is no previous study investigate the association between ALP and obesity in breast cancer and its correlation with other clinical characteristics. Therefore, the objective of present study is to investigate the association between ALP and clinical characteristics in generally and obesity in particularly. Methods: A cross-study 111 new diagnosed breast cancer patients was included. Plasma ALP was measured in different subgroups: patients age <40 vs >40, premenopausal vs postmenopausal, estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) vs estrogen receptor negative (ER-), metastasis vs non-metastasis and obese vs non-obese patients. Results: Significant increasing on plasma ALP were shown between groups of each age, menopausal status, metastasis, and obesity (p< 0.05, p< 0.05, p< 0.01 and p< 0.05) respectively. Positive correlation was observed between plasma ALP and age, menopausal status, metastasis, and obesity (r: 0.616, p< 0.05; r: 0.667, p< 0.01; r: 0.691, p< 0.005; and r: 0.627, p< 0.01). Multiple regression analysis was indicated that ALP can be determined by menopausal status, metastasis, and obesity (β-Coefficient = 0.428, p< 0.01; β-Coefficient = 0.534; p< 0.001; β-coefficient= 0.545; p= 0.005), respectively. Conclusions: Together, the relation between ALP and obesity indicates that ALP could have a role in maturation of preadipocytes of breast cancer patients. Further investigations are needed to confirm that there could be a potential hormonal link between ALP and obesity in breast cancer patients.}, Keywords = {Alkaline phosphatase, Breast cancer, Metastasis, Obesity, Menopausal status.}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {307-313}, publisher = {Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.52547/rbmb.10.2.307}, url = {http://rbmb.net/article-1-663-en.html}, eprint = {http://rbmb.net/article-1-663-en.pdf}, journal = {Reports of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology}, issn = {2322-3480}, eissn = {2322-3480}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Guimarães-Nobre, Camila Cristina and Mendonça-Reis, Evelyn and Passinho-da-Costa, Luana and Miranda-Alves, Leandro and Berto-Junior, Clemilso}, title = {Signaling Pathway in the Osmotic Resistance Induced by Angiotensin II AT2 Receptor Activation in Human Erythrocytes}, abstract ={Background: Angiotensin II regulates blood volume via AT1 (AT1R) and AT2 (AT2R) receptors. As cell integrity is an important feature of mature erythrocyte, we sought to evaluate, in vitro, whether Angiotensin II modulates resistance to hemolysis and the signaling pathway involved. Methods: Human blood samples were collected and hemolysis assay and angiotensin II signaling pathway profiling in erythrocytes were done. Results: Hemolysis assay created a hemolysis curve in presence of Ang II in several concentrations (10-6 M, 10-8 M, 10-10 M, 10-12 M). Angiotensin II demonstrated protective effect, both in osmotic stressed and physiological situations, by reducing hemolysis in NaCl 0.4% and 0.9%. By adding receptors antagonists (losartan, AT1R antagonist and PD 123319, AT2R antagonist) and/or signaling modulators for AMPK, Akt/PI3K, p38 and PKC we showed the protective effect was enhanced with losartan and abolished with PD 123319. Also, we showed activation of PKC as well as PI3K/Akt pathways in this system. Conclusions: Briefly, Ang II protects human erythrocytes from hypo-osmotic conditions-induced hemolysis by activating AT2 receptors and triggering both the intracellular pathways.}, Keywords = {Angiotensin II, Erythrocyte, Osmotic fragility, Signaling pathway.}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {314-326}, publisher = {Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.52547/rbmb.10.2.314}, url = {http://rbmb.net/article-1-667-en.html}, eprint = {http://rbmb.net/article-1-667-en.pdf}, journal = {Reports of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology}, issn = {2322-3480}, eissn = {2322-3480}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Bakhtiyari, Nasim and Sharifi, Akbar and Aftabi, Younes and Gilani, Neda and Zafari, Venus and Zafari, Venus and Ansarin, Atefeh and Seyedrezazadeh, Ensiyeh}, title = {Association Between NOX4 And Nrf2 Genes in Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma: A Case-Control Study}, abstract ={Background: Epithelial malignancy in lung cancer, which is initiated with myofibroblast differentiation and remodeling, promotes hypoxia and intracellular ROS generation most affected by the prototypical enzyme, NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4). In addition, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) acts as a critical transcription factor by stimulating antioxidant proteins as redox homeostasis regulators. The aim of this study was to investigate a possible correlation between lung tissue NOX4 and Nrf2 genes (NOX4 and Nrf2) mRNA expression and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) protein expression in non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patients. Methods: Samples from 25 patients with various NSCLC types and stages and 20 healthy controls were collected. NOX4 and Nrf2 mRNA were measured by qRT-PCR, and protein by western blot analysis. Results: NOX4 mRNA and protein expression was significantly up-regulated in NSCLC patients’ lung tissues and BALFs (p= 0.03 and 0.01, respectively). In addition, by adjusting for age, sex, and NSCLC types and stages, a significant and positive correlation was observed between NOX4 and Nrf2 mRNA expression (r= 0.927, p= 0.001). This was also true when not adjusted as above (r= 0.944, p< 0.001). Conclusions: NOX4 mRNA and protein expression is significantly up-regulated in NSCLC patients’ lung tissues and BALFs, and NOX4 and Nrf2 mRNA expression is positively correlated in NSCLC tissues.  }, Keywords = {Gene expression, Non-small-cell lung cancer, NOX4, Nrf2.}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {327-333}, publisher = {Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.52547/rbmb.10.2.327}, url = {http://rbmb.net/article-1-705-en.html}, eprint = {http://rbmb.net/article-1-705-en.pdf}, journal = {Reports of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology}, issn = {2322-3480}, eissn = {2322-3480}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Mohammadi, Asma and BalizadehKarami, Ali Reza and Mard, seyyed Ali and Goudarzi, Gholamreza and Maleki, Heidar and Chamkouri, Narges and Mobarak, Sara and Radmanesh, Esmat}, title = {Effect of Total Suspended Particulate Matter in the Air on Inflammation Factors and Apoptotic Markers in Diabetic Rats: The Protective Effect of Insulin and Crocin}, abstract ={Background: The effect of total suspended particulate matter (TSP) was investigated on the expression of inflammatory and apoptotic factors in diabetic rats, and the effect of crocin and insulin was examined on these factors.    Methods: Fifty-four adult male wistar rats were divided into nine experimental groups: control group, crocin group (received crocin, 50 mg/kg), diabetic group (received a single dose of alloxan at 120 mg/kg, IP), TSP group (5 mg/kg TSP instilled intratracheally), diabetic-crocin group (received crocin at 50 mg/kg after the induction of diabetes by alloxan (120 mg/kg)), diabetic-insulin group (received regular insulin (5 U/kg), crocin-TSP group (received crocin at 50 mg/kg, IP, and then 5 mg/kg TSP was instilled intratracheally), diabetic-TSP-insulin group (after receiving alloxan (120 mg/kg) and instilling TSP (5 mg/kg, intratracheally), a single dose (5 U/kg) of regular insulin), and diabetic-TSP-crocin group (after receiving alloxan (120 mg/kg) and instilling TSP (5 mg/kg, intratracheally), a single dose of crocin (50 mg/kg, IP)). Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to measure the expression of the mRNAs of apoptotic (Bax and Bcl2) and inflammatory mediators (TNFα, COX2, iNOS/eNOS) in Wistar rats.   Results: In diabetic and TSP groups the inflammatory factors and BAX/Bcl2 ratio significantly increased compared to the control group. In diabetic-TSP-insulin and diabetic-TSP-crocin, a significant decrease was observed in the rate of inflammatory factors and BAX/Bcl2 ratio. Conclusions: The results suggested that diabetes and exposure to TSP increase the rate of apoptosis and inflammation, and also demonstrated the anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammation role of insulin and crocin.}, Keywords = {Apoptosis, Crocin, Diabetes, Inflammation, Insulin, TSP}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {334-345}, publisher = {Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.52547/rbmb.10.2.334}, url = {http://rbmb.net/article-1-669-en.html}, eprint = {http://rbmb.net/article-1-669-en.pdf}, journal = {Reports of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology}, issn = {2322-3480}, eissn = {2322-3480}, year = {2021} }