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en Genotypic and Allelic Prevalence of the TGF- Β1 +869 C/T SNP and Their Relationship to Seminogram in Infertile Males ایمنی شناسی Immunology مقالات اصلی Original Article <div style="text-align: justify;">Background: The influence of cytokine in the reproductive system is becoming increasingly important. The polymorphisms of the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) gene are involved in male infertility. This study aimed to demonstrate the association between TGF-β1 and infertility and to investigate its impact on semen quality. Methods: In this case-control study, serum TGF-β1 concentration was measured in 144 patients diagnosed with infertility and 40 fertile males by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The tetra-amplification refractory mutation system-PCR (T-ARMS-PCR) analysis was performed to detect the genotyping of the TGF-β1 (+869 C/T) (rs1800470) SNPs gene. Results: Serum concentration of TGF-β1 was less in infertile males compared to fertile ones. The detected and more effective genotypes and alleles of TGF-β1 gene polymorphic on male infertility were, in normozoospermic group, CT genotype, probability (p)= 0.45, relative risk (RR)= 1.56, confidence intervals (CI): 0.58–4.22, and T allele (p= 0.46, RR= 1.32, CI: 0.65—2.69), in oligozoospermic and azoospermic groups, CC genotype (p= 0.32, RR= 1.58, CI: 0.73–3.41), (p= 0.013, RR= 3.50, CI: 1.40–8.73), and allele C (p= 0.44, RR= 1.32, CI: 0.73–2.38), (p= 0.06, RR= 2.14, CI: 1.02–4.50), respectively. The recessive model (TT+CT) showed increased risk among normozoospermic group (p=0.44, RR=1.67, CI:0.60-4.62). The serum concentration of TGF-β1 with CT and TT genotypes was less than that of CC genotype. TGF-β1 C/T genotype correlated with low sperm number, high immotile sperm, and high abnormal sperm morphology. Conclusions: Our study revealed that the TGF-β1(rs1800470) gene polymorphisms are associated negatively with semen quality.</div> Asthenozoospermia, Non-obstructive azoospermia, Teratozoospermia, Oligozoospermia, TGF-β1 gene polymorphisms. 318 331 http://rbmb.net/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1308-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Ahmed Abdulqader Al-Naqshbandi Ahmed.Abdulsalam@student.su.edu.krd 100319475328460017975 100319475328460017975 Yes Department of Biology, College of Education, Scientific Department, University of Salahaddin, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Suhaila Nafee Darogha 100319475328460017976 100319475328460017976 No Department of Biology, College of Education, Scientific Department, University of Salahaddin, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Kalthum Asaaf Maulood 100319475328460017977 100319475328460017977 No Department of Biology, College of Education, Scientific Department, University of Salahaddin, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.