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en Expression Patterns of Leptin, Leptin Receptor, Kiss1, and HOTAIR Genes in Blood and Semen of Infertile Males with Oligospermia بیوشیمی Biochemistry مقالات اصلی Original Article <div class="WordSection1"> <div style="text-align: justify;">Background: Infertility affects about 15% of couples during reproductive age and male factor infertility accounts for half of these cases. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of leptin, KISS1, leptin receptor, and HOTAIR genes in blood and semen samples of individuals diagnosed with oligospermia in comparison to healthy controls. Methods: In the current investigation, we studied 36 semen and 30 blood samples from fertile oligospermic men as well as the same number of healthy controls. RNA was extracted and cDNA was synthesized. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted to assess the gene expression levels. Statistical analysis was performed using Graph Pad Prism software. The results were reported as mean±SEM and any P< 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: A significant increase in the expression of the leptin gene in infertile males, particularly in semen samples (P< 0.001) was found when compared to the healthy controls. On the other hand, significant decrease in the expression of the KISS1 (P< 0.0001) and HOTAIR (P< 0.001) genes, particularly in semen samples were found when compared to the controls. As it was shown, the expression of leptin receptor had no significant effects on male infertility. Additionally, there may be a potential correlation between the expression of HOTAIR and the leptin and KISS1 genes, with a negative correlation observed between HOTAIR and leptin, and a positive correlation between HOTAIR and KISS1 in both blood and semen samples. However, further investigations are necessary to establish the statistical significance of these correlations. Conclusion: According to the results, leptin, KISS1, and HOTAIR genes seem to be affected in oligospermia, however, further studies with higher sample sizes are necessary. </div> <div align="center" style="text-align:center"> <hr align="center" noshade="noshade" size="2" style="color:#0f243e" width="100%" ></div> </div> <div aria-label="Page Break" class="cke_pagebreak" contenteditable="false" data-cke-display-name="pagebreak" data-cke-pagebreak="1" style="page-break-after:always" title="Page Break"></div> Ene expression, HOTAIR long non-coding RNA, Infertility, Kiss1, Leptin, Leptin receptor. 79 86 http://rbmb.net/browse.php?a_code=A-10-293-4&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Fatemeh Khademi 100319475328460020310 100319475328460020310 No Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Parimah Pournaghi 100319475328460020311 100319475328460020311 No Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran & Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Iran. Ali Vafaei 100319475328460020312 100319475328460020312 No Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Kamyab Hassanpour 100319475328460020313 100319475328460020313 No School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Mitra Bakhiari 100319475328460020314 100319475328460020314 No Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Kamran Mansouri 100319475328460020315 100319475328460020315 No Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Bijan Soleymani p.tamri@umsha.ac.ir 100319475328460020316 100319475328460020316 Yes Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.