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en In Vitro Differentiation of Endometrium Stem Cells into Cardiomyocytes: The Putative Effect of miR-17-5p, miR-26b-5p, miR-32-5p, and SMAD6 زیست شناسی سلولی Cell Biology مقالات اصلی Original Article <div style="text-align: justify;">Background: The important role of SMAD6 and several microRNAs (miRNAs), such as miR-17-5p, miR-26b-5p, and miR-32-5p, has been demonstrated in controlling the proliferation and differentiation of cardiomyocytes (CMs). Hence, this study was designed to assess the role of these regulatory factors in cardiac cell generation from human endometrium-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hEMSCs). Methods: To induce transdifferentiation into CMs, hEMSCs were treated with a cardiac-inducing medium containing 5-azacytidine and bFGF for 30 days. Immunofluorescence staining and qRT-PCR, respectively, were used to measure the protein levels of SMAD6 and the mRNA expression of SMAD6 and the three miRNAs every six days. Results: Our findings demonstrated the mesenchymal stem cell properties of hEMSCs and their ability to differentiate into various types of mesenchymal stem cells. The differentiated hEMSCs exhibited morphological features resembling CMs. During the induction period, the number of positive cells for SMAD6 protein and the expression level of miR-26b-5p increased and peaking on days 24 and 30, while the expression levels of miR-17-5p and miR-32-5p decreased. The Pearson correlation coefficients revealed that SMAD6 level is inversely correlated with miR-17-5p and miR-32-5p and directly correlated with miR-26b-5p. Conclusion: Our results indicate that miR-17-5p, miR-26b-5p, miR-32-5p, and SMAD6 are potentially involved in the molecular signaling pathways of transdifferentiation of hEMSCs to CMs.</div> Endometrium-derived mesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs), SMAD6, miR-17-5p, miR-26b-5p, and miR-32-5p. 243 253 http://rbmb.net/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1217-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Somayeh Saadat 100319475328460020418 100319475328460020418 No Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran. Mahdi Noureddini 100319475328460020419 100319475328460020419 No Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran. Behnaz Maleki 100319475328460020420 100319475328460020420 No Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran. Naeim Ehtesham 100319475328460020421 100319475328460020421 No Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran & Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran. Alireza Farrokhian 100319475328460020422 100319475328460020422 No Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran. Javad Verdi 100319475328460020423 100319475328460020423 No Department of Applied Cellular Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Ebrahim Cheraghi 100319475328460020424 100319475328460020424 No Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Qom, Qom, Iran. Hossein Ghanbaraian 100319475328460020425 100319475328460020425 No Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Behrang Alani alani-be@kaums.ac.ir 100319475328460020426 100319475328460020426 Yes Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran & Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.