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en Rosmarinic Acid Attenuates Paraquat-Induced Lung Injury by Suppressing Inflammatory Responses in Mice ایمنی شناسی Immunology مقالات اصلی Original Article Background: Paraquat (PQ) is a commonly used herbicide known for its high toxicity. Despite its hazardous nature, there are currently no effective treatments for PQ poisoning. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Rosmarinic acid (RA), a phenolic compound, on PQ-induced lung injury in mice. Methods: Mice were divided into ten groups for two experimental periods, 6- and 24-day periods (five groups each). The first group received normal saline daily, as the control group. Animals in the second group received a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) dose of PQ (25 mg/kg) on day 3. Groups three and four received RA (50 and 100 mg/kg, respectively) orally for 6 or 24 days. Group five received 100 mg/kg of RA daily. Animals were sacrificed 24 h after the last treatment, and lung samples were collected to determine histopathological changes and expression of TLR9, IL-1β, and TNF-α genes using RT-PCR. Results: Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed a significant reduction in lung injury following RA treatment. RA notably reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and lung tissue congestion. Furthermore, inflammatory responses triggered by PQ were suppressed after RA treatment, as demonstrated by the downregulation of IL-1β, TNF-α, and TLR9 levels. Conclusion: These findings suggest the therapeutic potential of RA for mitigating PQ-induced lung damage and inflammation. Inflammation, Lung, Phenols, Mice, Paraquat. 29 37 http://rbmb.net/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1725-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Mojgan Naghitorabi 100319475328460022431 100319475328460022431 No Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran & Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Hadis Shayeganfar 100319475328460022432 100319475328460022432 No Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Mohammad Javad Khodayar 100319475328460022433 100319475328460022433 No Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran & Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Shahrzad Molavinia 100319475328460022434 100319475328460022434 No Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran & Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Mehrnoosh Moosavi 100319475328460022435 100319475328460022435 No Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran & Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Layasadat Khorsandi 100319475328460022436 100319475328460022436 No Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Maryam Salehcheh 100319475328460022437 100319475328460022437 Yes Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran & Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.