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en Effect of Total Suspended Particulate Matter in the Air on Inflammation Factors and Apoptotic Markers in Diabetic Rats: The Protective Effect of Insulin and Crocin زیست شناسی ملکولی Molecular Biology مقالات اصلی Original Article <div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Background: </strong>The effect of total suspended particulate matter (TSP) was investigated on the expression of inflammatory and apoptotic factors in diabetic rats, and the effect of crocin and insulin was examined on these factors. <br>  </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods:</strong> Fifty-four adult male wistar rats were divided into nine experimental groups: control group, crocin group (received crocin, 50 mg/kg), diabetic group (received a single dose of alloxan at 120 mg/kg, IP), TSP group (5 mg/kg TSP instilled intratracheally), diabetic-crocin group (received crocin at 50 mg/kg after the induction of diabetes by alloxan (120 mg/kg)), diabetic-insulin group (received regular insulin (5 U/kg), crocin-TSP group (received crocin at 50 mg/kg, IP, and then 5 mg/kg TSP was instilled intratracheally), diabetic-TSP-insulin group (after receiving alloxan (120 mg/kg) and instilling TSP (5 mg/kg, intratracheally), a single dose (5 U/kg) of regular insulin), and diabetic-TSP-crocin group (after receiving alloxan (120 mg/kg) and instilling TSP (5 mg/kg, intratracheally), a single dose of crocin (50 mg/kg, IP)). Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to measure the expression of the mRNAs of apoptotic (Bax and Bcl2) and inflammatory mediators (TNFα, COX2, iNOS/eNOS) in Wistar rats.<br>  </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Results</strong>: In diabetic and TSP groups the inflammatory factors and BAX/Bcl2 ratio significantly increased compared to the control group. In diabetic-TSP-insulin and diabetic-TSP-crocin, a significant decrease was observed in the rate of inflammatory factors and BAX/Bcl2 ratio.</div> <br> <strong>Conclusions:</strong> The results suggested that diabetes and exposure to TSP increase the rate of apoptosis and inflammation, and also demonstrated the anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammation role of insulin and crocin. Apoptosis, Crocin, Diabetes, Inflammation, Insulin, TSP 334 345 http://rbmb.net/browse.php?a_code=A-10-676-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Asma Mohammadi 100319475328460012695 100319475328460012695 No Abadan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran. Ali Reza Balizadeh Karami 100319475328460012696 100319475328460012696 No Student Research Committee Abadan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran. seyyed Ali Mard 100319475328460012697 100319475328460012697 No Physiology Research Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Gholamreza Goudarzi 100319475328460012698 100319475328460012698 No Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Heidar Maleki 100319475328460012699 100319475328460012699 No Faculty of Water Sciences Engineering, ShahidChamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran. Narges Chamkouri 100319475328460012700 100319475328460012700 No Abadan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran. Sara Mobarak 100319475328460012701 100319475328460012701 No Abadan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran. Esmat Radmanesh esmatradmanesh33@gmail.com 100319475328460012702 100319475328460012702 Yes Abadan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran.