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en MicroRNAs as Potential Diagnostic New Biomarkers in Diagnosis of Sepsis in Pediatric Patients زیست شناسی ملکولی Molecular Biology مقالات اصلی Original Article <div style="text-align: justify;">Background: Sepsis is one of the most common causes of multiorgan failure. Sepsis requires the presence of infection with a resultant systemic inflammatory state. Organ dysfunction occurs from the combination of the two processes. Sepsis is the main cause of mortality at intensive care units, with 30-50% mortality rate for all septic episodes. MicroRNA (miRNA) profile data could be beneficial as a specific diagnostic biomarker for sepsis and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Methods: Expression of miRNAs -122, -181b, -223 and -146a levels were assayed by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in a prospective case control study, where forty septic cases were compared to 40 healthy controls of matched age and gender.  Results: miRNAs -122 and -181b were significantly upregulated during early septic conditions, indicating that they could be sensitive and specific biomarkers for diagnosing sepsis. miRNA-223 and miRNA-146a could also represent highly specific and sensitive diagnostic biomarkers, as they were found to be significantly down-regulated. Serum levels of miRNA-223 could be used to predict poor prognosis with 70% sensitivity and 75% specificity, whereas the other three miRNAs could not predict prognosis. Conclusions: Our study shows that all tested miRNAs can be used for early detection of sepsis, with miRNA-223 being predictive of mortality, hence preventing multi-organ failure and reducing mortality, and predicting poor outcomes, thereby assisting in early categorization of ICU patients for rapid appropriate treatment and medico legal aspects.</div> Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), Sepsis, Mortality, Biomarker, micRNA-223, Prognostic factor 327 335 http://rbmb.net/browse.php?a_code=A-10-959-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Zeinab Nour zeinab.nour@kasralainy.edu.eg 100319475328460012246 100319475328460012246 Yes Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt Kariman Elhamamsy 100319475328460012247 100319475328460012247 No Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Cairo University, Egypt. Iman Ehsan 100319475328460012248 100319475328460012248 No Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Cairo University, Egypt. Lobna Fawaz 100319475328460012249 100319475328460012249 No Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Cairo University, Egypt. Olfat Shaker 100319475328460012250 100319475328460012250 No Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. Dalia Mossallam 100319475328460012251 100319475328460012251 No Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Cairo University, Egypt. Hala ElGindy 100319475328460012252 100319475328460012252 No Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Cairo University, Egypt.