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en Blood Glucose, HbA1c Level, and its Correlation with VEGF-A (+405G/C) Polymorphism as Biomarker Predicts the Risk of Retinopathy and Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients بیوشیمی Biochemistry مقالات اصلی Original Article <div style="text-align: justify;">Background: Diabetes-related vascular complications linked to increase in the expression of VEGF and its receptors. It helps to accelerate tissue damage inflicted by hyperglycemia, which is potential risk for diabetic complications. The study aimed to assess VEGF genetic polymorphism and its correlation with glucose and HbA1C level among Sudanese patients with diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy. Methods: A case-control study was conducted among a total of 252 subjects and divided into four groups of 63 subjects each. Glucose and HBA1c were measured then the VEGF gene was amplified using polymerase chain reaction. The data were analyzed using SPSS. Results: The HBA1c, and blood glucose levels had significantly (P value≤0.00001) highest mean in the DR group, DN group followed by DM. There is a non-significant correlation between VEGF Genotypes and HbA1c, and blood glucose levels (P value≤0.102, 0.173) Patients with GC genotypes will be 74.6%, and 54% higher at risk to develop DR, and DN respectively and 40 % lower at risk to develop DM than those without GC genotype. While patients with CC genotypes will be 22.2% higher at risk of developing DM and 9.5%, 12.2% higher at risk of developing DR and DN respectively. Conclusions: The VEGF +405G/C gene polymorphism is linked to diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic nephropathy in type 2 Sudanese diabetics, and the presence of the GC genotypes and G allele is a significant predictor for retinopathy. There is no significant relation between HbA1C serum levels, blood glucose, and the VEGF +405G/C gene polymorphism.</div> Diabetic Nephropathy, Diabetic Retinopathy, Blood Glucose, HbA1c, Gene polymorphism, VEGF-A. 421 429 http://rbmb.net/browse.php?a_code=A-10-992-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Hoyam Yousif Hussin Alimam 100319475328460016704 100319475328460016704 No Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum Sudan. Waleed Abdelateif Hussein 100319475328460016705 100319475328460016705 No Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum Sudan. Sabah Ibrahim 100319475328460016706 100319475328460016706 No Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National University Biomedical Research Institute, National University, Sudan. Sara Abdelgani 100319475328460016707 100319475328460016707 No Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Al- Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan. Nahed Alharthi 100319475328460016708 100319475328460016708 No Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul-Aziz University, Al Khari- 11942, Riyadh, KSA. Lienda Bashier Eltayeb l.eltayeb@psau.edu.sa 100319475328460016709 100319475328460016709 Yes Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul-Aziz University, Al Khari- Riyadh, KSA. Salih Abdelgadir Elmahdi 100319475328460016710 100319475328460016710 No Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, The National Ribat University,Khartoum, Sudan. AbdElkarim Abobakr Abdrabo 100319475328460016711 100319475328460016711 No Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, The National Ribat University, Khartoum, Sudan.