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en Evaluation of The Effect of Letrozole in the Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome Prevention in Participants at Risk of Treatment with Ovulation-Stimulating Drugs: A Randomized Controlled Trial بیوشیمی Biochemistry مقالات اصلی Original Article <div style="text-align: justify;">Background: This study aims to evaluate the effect of Letrozole (LE) in reducing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) in high-risk participants with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) treated with In vitro fertilization (IVF).  </div> <div style="text-align: justify;">Methods: This study was a randomized clinical trial in which participants were randomly divided into two groups (n= 25 per group). Based on GnRH-antagonist protocol, recombinant follicle stimulating hormone 150 units/day subcutaneously and human menopausal gonadotropin 75 units/day intramuscularly used from day 2 of the menstrual cycle. In the study group, Letrozole 5 mg daily was added simultaneously with gonadotropin during the first five days of the IVF cycle and in the control group placebo was added.  </div> <div style="text-align: justify;">Results: There were statistically significant differences among the groups in terms of Estradiol level on Trigger Day (p= 0.04). The total days of stimulation and cumulative Gonadotropin dose were significantly lower in the Letrozole group (p= 0.00). There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of the number of oocytes retrieved, numbers of implanted embryos, and clinical </div> <div style="text-align: justify;">pregnancy rates (p-value> 0.05). There was only one moderate case in the intervention group and 9 moderate symptoms in the control group (p= 0.04).  </div> <div style="text-align: justify;">Conclusions:Administration of Letrozole with GnRH antagonist protocol, conventional protocol in PCOS cases in IVF cycle, had a significant effect on reducing the incidence of OHSS. So, if the future studies prove LE co-administration may lessen the incidence of OHSS, LE will be a highly potent drug for preventing OHSS in PCOS cases.</div> In vitro fertilization, Infertility, Letrozole, Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. 386 393 http://rbmb.net/browse.php?a_code=A-10-995-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Hatav Ghasemi Tehrani 100319475328460013367 100319475328460013367 No Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Keihaneh Aasasi 100319475328460013368 100319475328460013368 No Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Farahnaz Mardanian 100319475328460013369 100319475328460013369 No Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Ferdous Mehrabian 100319475328460013370 100319475328460013370 No Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Minoo Movahedi 100319475328460013371 100319475328460013371 No Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Elham Naghshineh Naghshineh@med.mui.ac.ir 100319475328460013372 100319475328460013372 Yes Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.