1. Recinella L, Orlando G, Ferrante C, Chiavaroli A, Brunetti L, Leone S. Adipokines: New Potential Therapeutic Target for Obesity and Metabolic, Rheumatic, and Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Physiol. 2020;11:578966. [
DOI:10.3389/fphys.2020.578966] [
PMID] [
]
2. Kleinz MJ, Davenport AP. Immunocytochemical localization of the endogenous vasoactive peptide apelin to human vascular and endocardial endothelial cells. Regul Pept. 2004;118(3):119-25. [
DOI:10.1016/j.regpep.2003.11.002] [
PMID]
3. Kleinz MJ, Skepper JN, Davenport AP. Immunocytochemical localisation of the apelin receptor, APJ, to human cardiomyocytes, vascular smooth muscle, and endothelial cells. Regul Pept. 2005; 126:233-240. [
DOI:10.1016/j.regpep.2004.10.019] [
PMID]
4. Lee DK, Cheng R, Nguyen T, Fan T, Kariyawasam AP, Liu Y, et al. Characterization of apelin, the ligand for the APJ receptor. J Neurochem. 2000; 74:34-41. [
DOI:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0740034.x] [
PMID]
5. Sato T, Kadowaki A, Suzuki T, Ito H, Watanabe H, Imai Y, Kuba K. Loss of Apelin Augments Angiotensin II-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction and Pathological Remodeling. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(2):239. [
DOI:10.3390/ijms20020239] [
PMID] [
]
6. Wysocka MB, Pietraszek-Gremplewicz K, Nowak D. The Role of Apelin in Cardiovascular Diseases, Obesity and Cancer. Front Physiol. 2018;9:557. [
DOI:10.3389/fphys.2018.00557] [
PMID] [
]
7. Maguire JJ, Kleinz MJ, Pitkin SL, Davenport AP. [Pyr1]apelin-13 identified as the predominant apelin isoform in the human heart: vasoactive mechanisms and inotropic action in disease. Hypertension. 2009;54(3):598-604. [
DOI:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.134619] [
PMID]
8. Mughal A, O'Rourke ST. Vascular effects of apelin: Mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Pharmacol Ther. 2018;190:139-147. [
DOI:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.05.013] [
PMID] [
]
9. Xie F, Liu W, Feng F, Li X, He L, Lv D, et al. Apelin-13 promotes cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via PI3K-Akt-ERK1/2-p70S6K and PI3K-induced autophagy. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin. 2015; 47:969-980. [
DOI:10.1093/abbs/gmv111] [
PMID]
10. Szokodi I, Tavi P, Földes G, Voutilainen-Myllylä S, Ilves M, Tokola H, et al. Apelin, the novel endogenous ligand of the orphan receptor APJ, regulates cardiac contractility. Circ Res. 2002;91(5):434-40. [
DOI:10.1161/01.RES.0000033522.37861.69] [
PMID]
11. Földes G, Horkay F, Szokodi I, Vuolteenaho O, Ilves M, Lindstedt KA, et al. Circulating and cardiac levels of apelin, the novel ligand of the orphan receptor APJ, in patients with heart failure. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003;308(3):480-5. [
DOI:10.1016/S0006-291X(03)01424-4] [
PMID]
12. Ba HJ, Chen HS, Su Z, Du ML, Chen QL, Li YH, Ma HM. Associations between serum apelin-12 levels and obesity-related markers in Chinese children. PLoS One. 2014;9(1):e86577. [
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0086577] [
PMID] [
]
13. Li L, Zeng H, Chen JX. Apelin-13 increases myocardial progenitor cells and improves repair postmyocardial infarction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2012;303(5):H605-18. [
DOI:10.1152/ajpheart.00366.2012] [
PMID] [
]
14. Foussal C, Lairez O, Calise D, Pathak A, Guilbeau-Frugier C, Valet P, et al. Activation of catalase by apelin prevents oxidative stress-linked cardiac hypertrophy. FEBS Lett. 2010;584(11):2363-70. [
DOI:10.1016/j.febslet.2010.04.025] [
PMID]
15. kbari H, Hosseini-Bensenjan M, Salahi S, Moazzen F, Aria H, Manafi A, et al. Apelin and its ratio to lipid factors are associated with cardiovascular diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2022;17(8):e0271899. [
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0271899] [
PMID] [
]
16. Bellissimo MP, Hsu E, Hao L, Easley K, Martin GS, Ziegler TR, Alvarez JA. Relationships between plasma apelin and adiponectin with normal weight obesity, body composition, and cardiorespiratory fitness in working adults. J Clin Transl Endocrinol. 2021;24:100257. [
DOI:10.1016/j.jcte.2021.100257] [
PMID] [
]
17. Li Y, Liu A, Song J, Zhang Z, Zhang Q. Association of genetic defects in the apelin-AGTRL1 system with myocardial infarction risk in Han Chinese. Gene. 2021;766:145143. [
DOI:10.1016/j.gene.2020.145143] [
PMID]
18. Hu G, Wang Z, Zhang R, Sun W, Chen X. The Role of Apelin/Apelin Receptor in Energy Metabolism and Water Homeostasis: A Comprehensive Narrative Review. Front Physiol. 2021;12:632886. [
DOI:10.3389/fphys.2021.632886] [
PMID] [
]
19. Mortazavi A, Nematipoor E, Djalali M, Keshavarz SA, Samavat S, Zarei M, Javanbakht MH. The Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Serum Apelin Levels in Cardiovascular Disease: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Rep Biochem Mol Biol. 2018;7(1):59-66.
20. Czarzasta K, Wojno O, Zera T, Puchalska L, Dobruch J, Cudnoch-Jedrzejewska A. The influence of post-infarct heart failure and high fat diet on the expression of apelin APJ and vasopressin V1a and V1b receptors. Neuropeptides. 2019;78:101975. [
DOI:10.1016/j.npep.2019.101975] [
PMID]
21. Rozwadowski J, Borodzicz-Jażdżyk S, Czarzasta K, Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska A. A Review of the Roles of Apelin and ELABELA Peptide Ligands in Cardiovascular Disease, Including Heart Failure and Hypertension. Med Sci Monit. 2022;28:e938112. [
DOI:10.12659/MSM.938112] [
PMID] [
]
22. Haffd MB, Ramadhan UH, Zaydan KA. Apelin and Lipid Profile in Hypertensive Patients: A Correlation Data. Int J Clin Biol Biochem. 2023; 5(1):85-89. [
DOI:10.33545/26646188.2023.v5.i1b.41]
23. Lateef, Diyar, Nesreen Nasser, and Osama Mohsein. "The relationships between Aplein, Vaspin and thyroid hormone levels in obese diabetic and non-diabetic women J Clin Med. 2024;41(2): 239-245.
24. Balling M, Afzal S, Davey Smith G, Varbo A, Langsted A, Kamstrup PR, Nordestgaard BG. Elevated LDL Triglycerides and Atherosclerotic Risk. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2023;81(2):136-152. [
DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2022.10.019] [
PMID]
25. Islam MA, Amin MN, Siddiqui SA, Hossain MP, Sultana F, Kabir MR. Trans fatty acids and lipid profile: A serious risk factor to cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2019;13(2):1643-1647. [
DOI:10.1016/j.dsx.2019.03.033] [
PMID]
26. Ndzie Noah ML, Adzika GK, Mprah R, Adekunle AO, Adu-Amankwaah J, Sun H. Sex-Gender Disparities in Cardiovascular Diseases: The Effects of Estrogen on eNOS, Lipid Profile, and NFATs During Catecholamine Stress. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2021;8:639946. [
DOI:10.3389/fcvm.2021.639946] [
PMID] [
]
27. Bellissimo MP, Hsu E, Hao L, Easley K, Martin GS, Ziegler TR, Alvarez JA. Relationships between plasma apelin and adiponectin with normal weight obesity, body composition, and cardiorespiratory fitness in working adults. J Clin Transl Endocrinol. 2021;24:100257. [
DOI:10.1016/j.jcte.2021.100257] [
PMID] [
]
28. Hirano T, Kodera R, Hirashima T, Suzuki N, Aoki E, Hosoya M, et al. Metabolic Properties of Lowdensity Lipoprotein (LDL) Triglycerides in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes, Comparison with Small Dense LDL-Cholesterol. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2022;29(5):762-774. [
DOI:10.5551/jat.62789] [
PMID] [
]
29. Duran EK, Aday AW, Cook NR, Buring JE, Ridker PM, Pradhan AD. Triglyceride-Rich Lipoprotein Cholesterol, Small Dense LDL Cholesterol, and Incident Cardiovascular Disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;75(17):2122-2135. [
DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2020.02.059] [
PMID] [
]
30. El Wakeel MES, Ahmad IH, Mohammed MA, Ali SMO, El Wahab MKA, Shipl WM. Correlation of serum apelin level with carotid intima-media thickness and insulin resistance in a sample of Egyptian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Res Med Sci. 2022;27:13. [
DOI:10.4103/jrms.JRMS_675_20] [
PMID] [
]
31. Wu R, Zhu Z, Zhou D. VEGF, apelin and HO-1 in diabetic patients with retinopathy: a correlation analysis. BMC Ophthalmol. 2020;20(1):326. [
DOI:10.1186/s12886-020-01593-9] [
PMID] [
]
32. Pihtili Taş N, Aydogan Baykara R, Kamanli A, Gürbüz A, Cure E, Cumhur Cüre M, et al. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 and apelin in fibromyalgia syndrome. Arch Rheumatol. 2024;39(3):375-383. [
DOI:10.46497/ArchRheumatol.2024.10462] [
PMID] [
]
33. Rasool GS, Al-Awadi SJ, Hussien AA, Al-Attar MM. Genetic variation of CYP2C9 gene and its correlation with cardiovascular disease risk factors. Mol Biol Rep. 2024;51(1):105. [
DOI:10.1007/s11033-023-09151-4] [
PMID]
34. Dewage I, Gunawardana IG. Identifying Interaction Effects of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) on Disease Risk. Texas Tech University Libraries. 2024. https://hdl.handle.net/2346/100805.
35. Yoshikawa M, Asaba K, Nakayama T. The APLNR gene polymorphism rs7119375 is associated with an increased risk of development of essential hypertension in the Chinese population: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020;99(50):e22418. [
DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000022418] [
PMID] [
]
36. Alieva AM, Teplova NV, Reznik EV, Baykova IE, Khadzhieva NK, Balagova BZ, et al. Diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic aspects of apelin in cardiovascular diseases. 2024;30(1):48-66. [
DOI:10.17816/medjrf562866]
37. Kifayat UB, Bin L. G-Protein-Coupled an Emerging Therapeutic Target in Cardiovascular Diseases. In: G-Protein-Coupled an Emerging Therapeutic Target in Cardiovascular Diseases. Insig CardioVasc Phar Res, 4(1), 01-16.
38. Chen B, Shi B, Zhou Z, Cui Y, Zeng G, Cheng L, et al. Targeting a cardiac abundant and fibroblasts-specific piRNA (CFRPi) to attenuate and reverse cardiac fibrosis in pressure-overloaded heart failure. Transl Res. 2024;267:10-24. [
DOI:10.1016/j.trsl.2024.01.003] [
PMID]
39. Kamińska K, Borzuta H, Buczma K, Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska A. Neuroprotective effect of apelin-13 and other apelin forms-a review. Pharmacol Rep. 2024;76(3):439-451. [
DOI:10.1007/s43440-024-00587-4] [
PMID]
40. Zhang J, Gao L, Yang GL, Kong Z. The effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms on depression in combination with coronary diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024;15:1369676. [
DOI:10.3389/fendo.2024.1369676] [
PMID] [
]
41. Zhu M, Yi X, Song S, Yang H, Yu J, Xu C. Principle role of the (pro)renin receptor system in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases: An update. Cell Signal. 2024;124:111417. [
DOI:10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111417] [
PMID]
42. Lecacheur M, Ammerlaan DJM, Dierickx P. Circadian rhythms in cardiovascular (dys)function: approaches for future therapeutics. npj Cardiovasc Health. 2024; 1-21. [
DOI:10.1038/s44325-024-00024-8]
43. Zhang J, Gao L, Yang GL, Kong Z. The effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms on depression in combination with coronary diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 202;15:1369676. [
DOI:10.3389/fendo.2024.1369676] [
PMID] [
]