Reports of Biochemistry
and Molecular Biology
Tue, Dec 3, 2024
[Archive]
Volume 10, Issue 1 (Vol.10 No.1 Apr 2021)
rbmb.net 2021, 10(1): 135-143 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Alikhani M, Saberi R, Hosseini S A, Rezaei F, Pagheh A S, Mirzaei A. Identification of Trichomonas Vaginalis Genotypes Using by Actin Gene and Molecular Based Methods in Southwest of Iran. rbmb.net 2021; 10 (1) :135-143
URL: http://rbmb.net/article-1-625-en.html
URL: http://rbmb.net/article-1-625-en.html
Maryam Alikhani 
, Reza Saberi , Seyed Abdollah Hosseini , Fatemeh Rezaei , Abdol satar Pagheh , Asad Mirzaei *
, Reza Saberi , Seyed Abdollah Hosseini , Fatemeh Rezaei , Abdol satar Pagheh , Asad Mirzaei *
Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran & Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
Abstract: (3098 Views)
Background: Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis) is a sexually transmitted protozoan parasite and the causative agent of trichomoniasis. The genetic characterization of T. vaginalis isolates shows notable genetic variation in this parasite. In the present study, we aimed to identify the T. vaginalis genotypes based on analyzing of actin gene in women specimens referred to health centers of Ilam city, southwest Iran.
Methods: A total of 1765 female samples were collected from gynecology clinics in the city of Ilam. DNA was extracted from positive samples and nested polymerase chain reaction (Nested PCR) was used to amplify the actin gene. Then, partial sequencing and genotyping of the actin gene was performed. A phylogenetic tree was drawn using the detected genotypes of T. vaginalis and reference sequences.
Results: Twenty-one of the 1765 urine and vaginal samples were positive for T. vaginalis. All infected individuals were married and their age in years was between 25 to 34. Further, the majority of infected women had cervical lesions, patchy erythema, and white color discharge. According to sequencing analysis, the isolates were identified as genotype G (n= 8) and genotype E (n= 2).
Conclusions: From the collected samples, we were able to distinguish at least two genotypes (G and E) of T. vaginalis. However, lesser is known about these genotypes in the city of Ilam. Further studies with a higher number of isolates should be performed in order to understand the implications of these results in this region.
Methods: A total of 1765 female samples were collected from gynecology clinics in the city of Ilam. DNA was extracted from positive samples and nested polymerase chain reaction (Nested PCR) was used to amplify the actin gene. Then, partial sequencing and genotyping of the actin gene was performed. A phylogenetic tree was drawn using the detected genotypes of T. vaginalis and reference sequences.
Results: Twenty-one of the 1765 urine and vaginal samples were positive for T. vaginalis. All infected individuals were married and their age in years was between 25 to 34. Further, the majority of infected women had cervical lesions, patchy erythema, and white color discharge. According to sequencing analysis, the isolates were identified as genotype G (n= 8) and genotype E (n= 2).
Conclusions: From the collected samples, we were able to distinguish at least two genotypes (G and E) of T. vaginalis. However, lesser is known about these genotypes in the city of Ilam. Further studies with a higher number of isolates should be performed in order to understand the implications of these results in this region.
Type of Article: Original Article |
Subject:
Microbiology
Received: 2020/12/18 | Accepted: 2020/12/28 | Published: 2021/05/9
Received: 2020/12/18 | Accepted: 2020/12/28 | Published: 2021/05/9
References
1. Rein MF. Trichomoniasis. Hunter's tropical medicine and emerging infectious diseases: Elsevier; 2020; 731-733. [DOI:10.1016/B978-0-323-55512-8.00100-9]
2. Menezes CB, Frasson AP, Tasca T. Trichomoniasis-are we giving the deserved attention to the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease worldwide?. Microbial cell. 2016;3(9):404-419. [DOI:10.15698/mic2016.09.526] [PMID] [PMCID]
3. Carrillo-Ávila JA, Serrano-García ML, Fernández-Parra J, Sorlózano-Puerto A, Navarro-Marí JM, Stensvold CR, et al. Prevalence and genetic diversity of Trichomonas vaginalis in the general population of Granada and co-infections with Gardnerella vaginalis and Candida species. J Med Microbiol. 2017;66(10):1436-1442. [DOI:10.1099/jmm.0.000603] [PMID]
4. Davey DJ, Shull H, Billings J, Wang D, Adachi K, Klausner J. Prevalence of curable sexually transmitted infections in pregnant women in low-and middle-income countries from 2010 to 2015: a systematic review. Sex Transm Dis. 2016;43(7):450-8. [DOI:10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000460] [PMID] [PMCID]
5. Organization WHO. Global incidence and prevalence of selected curable sexually transmitted infections:2008. 2012; 20(40):207-208. [DOI:10.1016/S0968-8080(12)40660-7]
6. Hezarjaribi HZ, Fakhar M, Shokri A, Teshnizi SH, Sadough A, Taghavi M. Trichomonas vaginalis infection among Iranian general population of women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Parasitol Res. 2015;114(4):1291-300. [DOI:10.1007/s00436-015-4393-3] [PMID]
7. Meade JC, Carlton JM. Genetic diversity in Trichomonas vaginalis. Sexually Transmitted Infections. 2013;89(6):444-8. [DOI:10.1136/sextrans-2013-051098] [PMID]
8. Swygard H, Sena A, Hobbs M, Cohen M. Trichomoniasis: clinical manifestations, diagnosis and management. Sex Transm Infect. 2004;80(2):91-95. [DOI:10.1136/sti.2003.005124] [PMID] [PMCID]
9. Krieger JN, Jenny C, Verdon M, Siegel N, Springwater R, Critchlow CW, et al. Clinical manifestations of trichomoniasis in men. Ann Intern Med. 1993;118(11):844-9. [DOI:10.7326/0003-4819-118-11-199306010-00003] [PMID]
10. Crucitti T, Abdellati S, Van Dyck E, Buvé A. Molecular typing of the actin gene of Trichomonas vaginalis isolates by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2008;14(9):844-52. [DOI:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2008.02034.x] [PMID]
11. Hernández H, Fraga J, Marcet R, Alba A, Figueredo M, Alfonso Y, et al. Genetic diversity of Trichomonas Vaginalis clinical isolates according to restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the 60-kDa proteinase gene. Acta Parasitol. 2019;64(2):300-307. [DOI:10.2478/s11686-019-00065-5] [PMID]
12. Squire DS, Lymbery AJ, Walters J, Brigg F, Paparini A, Thompson RA. Population structure and genetic diversity of Trichomonas vaginalis clinical isolates in Australia and Ghana. Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 2020:104318. [DOI:10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104318] [PMID]
13. Demirağ S, Malatyalı E, Ertuğ S, Ertabaklar H. Determination of Trichomonas vaginalis Genotypes Using PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP). Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 2017;41(4):188-191. [DOI:10.5152/tpd.2017.5496] [PMID]
14. Ertabaklar H, Ertuğ S, Çalışkan SÖ, Malatyalı E, Bozdoğan B. Use of Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequence Polymorphisms as a Method for Trichomonas vaginalis Genotyping. Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 2018;42(1):6-10. [DOI:10.5152/tpd.2018.5503] [PMID]
15. Ahmadi MH, Amirizadeh N, Rabiee M, Rahimi-Sharbaf F, Pourfathollah AA. Noninvasive Fetal Sex Determination by Real-Time PCR and TaqMan Probes. Rep Biochem Mol Biol. 2020;9(3):315-323. [DOI:10.29252/rbmb.9.3.315] [PMID] [PMCID]
16. Liu J, Feng M, Wang X, Fu Y, Ma C, Cheng X. Unique Trichomonas vaginalis gene sequences identified in multinational regions of Northwest China. Biosci Trends. 2017;11(3):303-307. [DOI:10.5582/bst.2017.01122] [PMID]
17. Mercer F, Johnson PJ. Trichomonas vaginalis: Pathogenesis, symbiont interactions, and host cell immune responses. Trends Parasitol. 2018;34(8):683-693. [DOI:10.1016/j.pt.2018.05.006] [PMID]
18. Momeni Z, Sadraei J, Kazemi B, Dalimi A. Molecular typing of the actin gene of Trichomonas vaginalis isolates by PCR-RFLP in Iran. Exp Parasitol. 2015;159:259-63. [DOI:10.1016/j.exppara.2015.10.011] [PMID]
19. Hezarjaribi HZ, Taghavi M, Fakhar M, Gholami S. Direct diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis infection on archived pap smears using Nested PCR. Acta Cytol. 2015;59(1):104-8. [DOI:10.1159/000369772] [PMID]
20. Mavedzenge SN, Van Der Pol B, Cheng H, Montgomery ET, Blanchard K, de Bruyn G, et al. Epidemiological synergy of Trichomonas vaginalis and HIV in Zimbabwean and South African women. Sex Transm Dis. 2010;37(7):460-6. [DOI:10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181cfcc4b] [PMID]
21. Apalata T, Carr WH, Sturm WA, Longo-Mbenza B, Moodley P. Determinants of symptomatic vulvovaginal candidiasis among human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infected women in rural Kwazulu-natal, South Africa. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2014;2014:387070. [DOI:10.1155/2014/387070] [PMID] [PMCID]
22. Makvandi S, Zargar Shoushtari S. The relationship of cervicovaginal infections in pap smear samples with some factors in Ahvaz, Iran; an epidemiological study. Jundishapur Journal of Chronic Disease Care. 2012;1(1):55-61.
23. Ziaei Hezarjaribi H, Taghavi M, Faridnia R, Kalani H, Mardani A, Jorjani O, et al. Actin Gene-Based Molecular Typing of Trichomonas vaginalis Clinical Isolates from the North of Iran. Acta Parasitol. 2020;65(4):859-864. [DOI:10.2478/s11686-020-00226-x] [PMID]
24. Khalili B, Ghasemi-Dehkordi P, Pourshahbazi G, Yousofi-Darani H, Hashemzadeh-Chaleshtori M, Doosti A. Genotyping of Trichomonas vaginalis isolates from women in Shahrekord city (Southwestern Iran). Genetika. 2017;49(3):1059-1070. [DOI:10.2298/GENSR1703059K]
25. Arbabi M, Delavari M, Fakhrieh-Kashan Z, Hooshyar H. Review of trichomonas vaginalis in Iran, based on epidemiological situation. J Reprod Infertil. 2018;19(2):82-88.
26. Nwuba R, Evbuomwan I, Olasunkanmi B, Odukogbe A. Comparative Evaluation of Microscopy and Polymerase Chain Reaction Sensitivity in the Diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis Using Vaginal Swab Samples from Women in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. NISEB Journal. 2019;17(2).
27. Nourian A, Shabani N, Fazaeli A, Mousavinasab SN. Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis in pregnant women in Zanjan, Northwest of Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol. 2013;6(8):e7258. [DOI:10.5812/jjm.7258]
28. Su R-Y, Ho L-J, Yang H-Y, Chung C-H, Yang S-S, Cheng C-Y, et al. Association between Trichomonas vaginalis infection and cervical lesions: a population-based, nested case-control study in Taiwan. Parasitol Res. 2020;119(8):2649-2657. [DOI:10.1007/s00436-020-06759-4] [PMID]
29. Schwebke JR, Gaydos CA, Davis T, Marrazzo J, Furgerson D, Taylor S, et al. Clinical evaluation of the Cepheid Xpert TV assay for detection of Trichomonas vaginalis with prospectively collected specimens from men and women. J Clin Microbiol. 2018;56(2):e01091-17. [DOI:10.1128/JCM.01091-17] [PMID] [PMCID]
30. Bradic M, Warring SD, Tooley GE, Scheid P, Secor WE, Land KM, et al. Genetic indicators of drug resistance in the highly repetitive genome of Trichomonas vaginalis. Genome Biol Evol. 2017;9(6):1658-1672. [DOI:10.1093/gbe/evx110] [PMID] [PMCID]
31. Abou-kamar W, Abdel-Mageid A, El-Nahas H, Atia R, El-Tantawy N. Genetic relatedness of Trichomonas vaginalis isolates to the clinical variability. iMedPub Journals. 2017;1(1):103.
32. Vaca GBB. Topical Use of Monoclonal Antibodies as a Multipurpose Prevention Technology Offering Contraception and Decreased Transmission of HIV-1 and Trichomonas vaginalis: Boston University; 2020.
33. Zhang Z, Li Y, Wang S, Hao L, Zhu Y, Li H, et al. The Molecular Characterization and Immunity Identification of Trichomonas vaginalis Adhesion Protein 33 (AP33). Front Microbiol. 2020;11:1433. [DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2020.01433] [PMID] [PMCID]
34. Kaul P, Gupta I, Sehgal R, Malla N. Trichomonas vaginalis: random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of isolates from symptomatic and asymptomatic women in India. Parasitol Int. 2004;53(3):255-62. [DOI:10.1016/j.parint.2004.02.003] [PMID]
35. Margarita V, Marongiu A, Diaz N, Dessì D, Fiori PL, Rappelli P. Prevalence of double-stranded RNA virus in Trichomonas vaginalis isolated in Italy and association with the symbiont Mycoplasma hominis. Parasitol Res. 2019;118(12):3565-3570. [DOI:10.1007/s00436-019-06469-6] [PMID]
36. Nye MB, Schwebke JR, Body BA. Comparison of APTIMA Trichomonas vaginalis transcription-mediated amplification to wet mount microscopy, culture, and polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of trichomoniasis in men and women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2009;200(2):188.e1-7. [DOI:10.1016/j.ajog.2008.10.005] [PMID]
37. Spotin A, Eghtedar ST, Shahbazi A, Salehpour A, Sarafraz S, Shariatzadeh SA, et al. Molecular Characterization of Trichomonas vaginalis strains based on identifying their probable variations in asymptomatic patients. Iran J Parasitol. 2016;11(4):507-514.
38. Masha SC, Cools P, Crucitti T, Sanders EJ, Vaneechoutte M. Molecular typing of Trichomonas vaginalis isolates by actin gene sequence analysis and carriage of T. vaginalis viruses. Parasit Vectors. 2017;10(1):537. [DOI:10.1186/s13071-017-2496-7] [PMID] [PMCID]
39. Matini M, Rezaeian M, Mohebali M, Maghsood A, Rabiee S, Rahimi-Foroushani A, et al. Genotyping of Trichomonas vaginalis isolates in Iran by using single stranded conformational polymorphism-PCR technique and internal transcribed spacer regions. Trop Biomed. 2012;29(4):605-12.
40. Carlton JM, Hirt RP, Silva JC, Delcher AL, Schatz M, Zhao Q, et al. Draft genome sequence of the sexually transmitted pathogen Trichomonas vaginalis. Science. 2007;315(5809):207-12. [DOI:10.1126/science.1132894] [PMID] [PMCID]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
